E-Invoicing in Romania
RO e-Factura clearance for all domestic B2B since January 2024
The mandate at a glance
Romania moved fast and early: since January 2024, all domestic B2B invoices must be submitted through RO e-Factura, the national platform operated alongside ANAF, Romania's tax agency. The system began in 2022 with high-fiscal-risk product categories and B2G, then expanded to the full B2B economy.
RO e-Factura is a clearance-style model: the invoice is uploaded in the national XML schema, validated, sealed with the ministry's signature, and made available to the buyer through the platform. Reception through the platform is part of the same obligation.
| Date | Obligation | Scope |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 | RO e-Factura for high-risk products and B2G | Selected categories |
| January 2024 | All domestic B2B invoices via RO e-Factura | All VAT-registered businesses |
Required formats and network
Required format: Romania's national XML schema (RO_CIUS, a national application of EN 16931 in UBL syntax with Romanian rules). EN 16931 data maps directly, but the RO_CIUS layer adds Romanian requirements that generic EN 16931 documents fail, so validation against the national rules before upload is essential.
How to comply
- Register in Romania's SPV (virtual private space) to access RO e-Factura.
- Generate UBL invoices conforming to the RO_CIUS rules.
- Upload and track clearance status; store the sealed XML returned by the platform as the legal invoice.
- Retrieve supplier invoices from the platform: reception happens there, not by email.
What InvoiceXML supports for Romania
Frequently asked questions
What is RO e-Factura?
RO e-Factura is Romania's national e-invoicing platform. Domestic B2B (and B2G) invoices must be uploaded to it in the national XML format, where they are validated and sealed; the sealed document is the legal invoice.
Is the Romanian format EN 16931-compliant?
The Romanian schema is a national application (RO_CIUS) of EN 16931 in UBL syntax. Generic EN 16931 UBL is the right starting point, but the Romanian rules must be applied on top for the platform to accept the file.
How quickly must invoices be submitted?
Invoices must be submitted to the platform within the statutory deadline of issuance (a matter of a few working days). Late submission attracts penalties, so integrations should submit at issuance time.
Does RO e-Factura cover cross-border invoices?
The core mandate covers domestic transactions. Cross-border invoices follow separate reporting rules; EN 16931 formats remain the practical exchange layer with foreign partners.
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